A global survey
based on face-to-face interviews,
to imagine desirable futures

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Bénitha, 21 ans, commerciale – Kigali (Rwanda)

1. Major challenges facing the world in 2050 and related solutions

1. Insufficient education and unequal access to school
2. Security and prevention of global conflicts
3. Overpopulation and poverty
4. Inequalities on international markets, hoarding of resources by rich countries
5. Gender inequalities

2. Major challenges for Rwanda by 2050 and associated solutions

1. Limited access to education in rural areas
2. Impacts of climate change on agriculture
3. Inadequate transport infrastructure in rural areas
4. Food insecurity in rural areas
5. Family conflicts

3. If Benitha were President of the World

4. Benitha's dream world in 2050

Anik, 33, Chief data officer, Indian

Anik was born and raised in Kolkata, India. After completing his primary and secondary education in his hometown, he left Kolkata in 2010 to pursue a Bachelor's degree in Business Administration in Bangalore. He went on to work for well-known companies such as Amazon and Wells Fargo. Anik currently works remotely in the field of data protection and confidentiality, a sector he considers essential in a world where "data is the new oil".
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Anik, 33, Chief data officer, Indian

Contents :

1. Global challenges and solutions 1. Excessive competition and pressure on individuals 2. Climate change and scarcity of natural resources 3. Lack of international dialogue and geopolitical conflicts 4. Racism and global discrimination 5. Artificial intelligence and data protection 2. India’s challenges and solutions 1. Pervasive corruption 2. The education crisis and academic pressure 3. Transport issues and urban development 3. If Anik were President of the World… 4. Anik’s dream world in 2050

Anik was born and raised in Kolkata, India. After completing his primary and secondary education in his hometown, he left Kolkata in 2010 to pursue a Bachelor’s degree in Business Administration in Bangalore. He went on to work for well-known companies such as Amazon and Wells Fargo. Anik currently works remotely in the field of data protection and confidentiality, a sector he considers essential in a world where “data is the new oil”.

A keen cricketer and footballer, he supports the Kolkata Knight Riders in the IPL, Chelsea in the English Premier League, and the German national football team. Anik is also involved in social causes, a family tradition going back to his grandfather. He expresses a deep sensitivity to issues such as compassion, which he sees as essential to unifying humanity in the face of modern challenges. “I believe that most people aspire to a peaceful and enriching life, but the frantic race to succeed disconnects us from our humanity”.

1. Global challenges and solutions

 1. Excessive competition and pressure on individuals

The world is marked by “exacerbated competition that affects people’s quality of life and mental health”, explains Anik. He cites the example of a classmate who fainted during an exam, because the pressure of results took precedence over the humanity of the students present. In his view, this competitive mentality is linked to an excessive capitalism in which “society imposes ever-higher standards of success on us, such as owning a car or achieving a specific income”.

Proposed solutions

Anik proposes rethinking education systems and social priorities. He suggests diversifying career opportunities to better reflect individual interests and reduce competition. “We need to create spaces for all kinds of talent and stop promoting a single model of success”. He also believes that initiatives to promote cooperation rather than competition, such as appropriate education policies, are needed.

2. Climate change and scarcity of natural resources

Anik has observed a clear deterioration in the environment since her youth: “When I was a child, I woke up to the sound of sparrows and saw green spaces everywhere. Today, those sounds and those landscapes have disappeared. He also mentions the alarming change in climatic conditions in cities like Bangalore, where summers have become unbearably hot.

Proposed solutions: :

For Anik, the solution lies in a radical change in our approach to resources. He quotes Gandhi: “The Earth has enough to meet everyone’s needs, but not their greed”. He advocates an economic model based on sobriety, by reducing unnecessary consumption, adopting renewable energies, imposing strict regulations to curb the destruction of ecosystems and developing local reforestation initiatives. Anik also stresses the need for environmental education to make people aware of their responsibilities from an early age.

3. Lack of international dialogue and geopolitical conflicts

Anik identifies the lack of international cooperation as a major problem. “Current dialogues, such as the G20, do not focus on global solutions to improve humanity”, he explains. He also criticises the pointless wars fuelled by the political and economic interests of the ruling classes.

Proposed solutions

Anik proposes to create a global platform, powered by artificial intelligence, enabling citizens from all over the world to share their views. “Connecting a person living in a remote village in Africa with another in India would make it possible to solve real problems,” he says. He also advocates an end to pointless conflicts through open dialogue between nations.

4. Racism and global discrimination

Racism remains a major problem. Anik shares his personal experiences of discrimination linked to his Indian origin. He links this phenomenon to global competition: “Some people feel threatened by foreigners who they think could take their jobs.

Proposed solutions

To reduce racial tensions, Anik recommends global awareness campaigns and the inclusion of intercultural education from an early age. He also stresses the importance of policies that facilitate international mobility while avoiding the stigmatisation of foreigners.

5. Artificial intelligence and data protection

Anik sees artificial intelligence (AI) as a growing challenge to privacy: “Current data protection laws can’t keep up with the speed of advances in AI,” he says. This poses major risks for the confidentiality of personal data.

Proposed solutions

He advocates international regulations, such as the EU AI Act, but notes that these need to be strengthened and adapted to the rapid pace of technological innovation. He also proposes investing in the training of cybersecurity experts to anticipate and counter these threats.

 2. India’s challenges and solutions

 1. Pervasive corruption

Anik describes corruption in India as “an integral part of everyday life”. He recounts the example of his father, who had to wait six months to collect his pension until a bribe was paid. He believes that this corruption is holding back India’s growth and image internationally.

Proposed solutions

Anik recommends reforming administrative systems, with greater transparency and automation to limit human intervention. He also suggests strict sanctions and civic education to make the younger generation aware of the importance of integrity.

2. Persistent poverty

Although progress has been made, Anik notes that “70% of Indians cannot afford three meals a day without government assistance”. He highlights the interdependence between poverty and corruption, where funds intended for the poor are often misappropriated.

Proposed solutions:

It advocates direct distribution of resources to beneficiaries via secure digital platforms. It also suggests developing rural infrastructures to offer economic opportunities to marginalised communities.

3. The education crisis and academic pressure

India holds the sad world record for student suicides. Anik explains: “From kindergarten onwards, we are told that we have to be the best, regardless of our abilities or interests. This obsession with excellence leads to forced career choices, particularly in the engineering sector.

Proposed solutions:

Anik proposes diversifying educational streams and promoting alternative fields, such as arts and crafts. He advocates educational reform that emphasises personal development rather than performance.

4. Transport issues and urban development

Traffic is a major problem in India’s major cities. “A 10 km journey can take hours in Mumbai or Bangalore,” says Anik. This problem is exacerbated by an over-reliance on private vehicles.

Proposed solutions

He recommends greater investment in public transport, citing the rapidly expanding metro network. He also calls for a change in mentality, so that cars are no longer perceived as a status symbol.

3. If Anik were President of the World

If Anik became President of the World, here are the first concrete measures he would implement:

  • Putting an end to pointless wars: Anik would start by banning armed conflicts and border skirmishes, which he considers “senseless”. He points out that most conflicts are fuelled by political and economic interests, not humanitarian needs. “If I had to take extreme measures to put an end to these wars, I wouldn’t hesitate: apart from the leaders, nobody wants them, they have to stop”.

  • Establish an inclusive international dialogue: For Anik, lasting peace can only be achieved through a global dialogue involving all nations, large and small. He proposes organising a world conference where “leaders from all countries, whether they represent a small population or 1.4 billion citizens like India, would have their place”. He also wants to include the voices of ordinary citizens through a global digital platform that would allow citizens from all over the world to voice their opinions and communicate with each other.

  • Reforming capitalism: Anik defends the idea of a “reasoned capitalism” in which wealth is better distributed. He criticises the current model of capitalism in which a minority controls the majority of resources. “We need to set a limit so that the economic system is fair and not based on greed”, he explains. For him, this means international regulations on economic inequalities and the introduction of a global redistribution system that would limit the concentration of wealth.

  • Encouraging education for a more compassionate world: Finally, Anik wants to reform education systems to instil values of compassion and cooperation from an early age. “Humanity should be at the heart of all learning. If we want a better world, we need to teach our children to focus on the collective good rather than competition”, he insists: “real change will come from a revolution in thinking on a global scale”

5. Anik’s dream world in 2050

In 2050, unbridled competition, a source of stress and injustice, has given way to a culture of cooperation – which has also put an end to wars. Education systems have been reformed to encourage individual development rather than performance. Children are now taught that success does not lie in comparison, but in the harmony between passions and skills.

This revolution in thinking, centred on happy sobriety, has led to a profound transformation in capitalism and a solution to the issue of climate change: unnecessary or statutory consumption has disappeared, and the boom in renewable energies is now able to meet the needs of a less greedy humanity.

At 59, Anik embodies this new era. He lives in Gangtok, in the Sikkim region, in the heart of the Himalayas, in a house nestling in the green hills. His house is an example of sustainable architecture, built from local materials and powered by solar energy.

Anik chose to retire from the corporate world to open a café in the centre of Gangtok, where he combines his two passions: cooking and meeting people. His establishment offers dishes inspired by Indian, Greek, French and Mexican cuisine, reflecting his gastronomic curiosity. Many of the products come directly from his vegetable garden.

Anik lives with his wife and two children. Travelling is a central part of his life. He particularly enjoys travelling to the Greek islands and sitting facing the Aegean Sea, dreaming that he is observing the same landscapes as his heroes of antiquity.

Alipa, 42, lawyer

Alipa has lived in Kolkata all her life. Born into a Hindu family deeply rooted in cultural traditions, she grew up in an environment that valued the arts, religion and moral values. Her father, a gold medallist in economics and an accomplished athlete, passed on to Alipa a passion for sport and discipline. From an early age, she practised karate, yoga and music, and was also introduced to Indian classical singing and other art forms.
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Alipa, 42, lawyer

Contents :

1. Global challenges and solutions 1. Discrimination and lack of humanity 2. Exploitation of nature and pollution 3. Lack of political leadership 2. India’s challenges and solutions 1. Political corruption and administrative inefficiency 2. Lack of jobs and brain drain 3. Religious and social division 4. Decline in cultural values 5. Degradation of urban infrastructure 3. If Alipa became President of the World… 4. Alipa’s dream world in 2050

Alipa has lived in Kolkata all her life. Born into a Hindu family deeply rooted in cultural traditions, she grew up in an environment that valued the arts, religion and moral values. Her father, a gold medallist in economics and an accomplished athlete, passed on to Alipa a passion for sport and discipline. From an early age, she practised karate, yoga and music, and was also introduced to Indian classical singing and other art forms.

Alipa went on to study law, obtaining a bachelor’s degree and a master’s degree (LLM) in business law and intellectual property law from the University of Calcutta. Alongside her studies, she nurtured an insatiable curiosity for languages and cultures. She learnt Urdu to improve her singing diction, explored the Koran and Guru Granth Sahib, and deepened her knowledge of Hindu religious texts.

Alipa is also a devoted wife and mother. She shares her life with a husband who works in the IT sector, and together they are bringing up their young son in an environment that values linguistic, cultural and educational diversity. Passionate about education, Alipa believes that the early years of a child’s life shape their future. She therefore devotes a great deal of time to instilling positive values and habits in her son.

1. Global challenges and solutions

1. Discrimination and lack of humanity

Lack of humanity and discrimination, whether based on religion, social class or gender, remain crucial challenges. Alipa points out that these divisions undermine the foundations of society and prevent harmonious coexistence: “People discriminate unnecessarily on the basis of religion or social class. Why divide ourselves when we all share the same humanity? She also stresses the need for education in tolerance: “Culture, if used properly, could unite people, but we see that it is often misused to divide.”

Proposed solutions:

  • Tolerance and diversity education: Include courses on cultural diversity and tolerance in school curricula. “If we learn from an early age to accept others, there will no longer be any room for these divisions”.
  • Strengthening anti-discrimination laws: Develop rigorous legal mechanisms to deal with cases of discrimination, with exemplary penalties.
  • Promoting enlightened leaders: Supporting leaders capable of transcending divisions and promoting an inclusive discourse.

2. Exploitation of nature and pollution

Putting an end to environmental degradation should be “a global priority”, according to Alipa: “The level of pollution is a wake-up call. We are wasting water, destroying nature, and nobody is taking responsibility”. She adds that the over-exploitation of natural resources is putting future generations at risk.

Proposed solutions:

  • Raising public awareness: Launch global campaigns to encourage responsible management of natural resources.
  • Investment in green technologies: Encouraging innovation to reduce carbon emissions and promote renewable energies. “If we invest in clean technologies now, we can save the planet for our children.
  • Strict regulation of polluting industries: Impose strict environmental standards, with fines for offenders.

3. Lack of political leadership

Alipa criticises the confusion between ego, authority and leadership in many leaders: “When leaders act out of ego or to show off their power, they fail to serve citizens”. She adds that power struggles, often centred on personal interests, put the brakes on necessary reforms.

Proposed solutions:

  • Leadership training: Introduce programmes to teach leaders the importance of leadership based on humility and inclusiveness. “A good leader must be a model of integrity and selflessness.”
  • Strengthen transparency and accountability: Make governments accountable for their policies and decisions via accessible public platforms.

2. India’s challenges and solutions

1. Political corruption and administrative inefficiency

In India, corruption and administrative inefficiency are holding back development, according to Alipa. “Civil servants receive their salaries but don’t work. This deprives citizens of essential services”. She gives the example of pensions that take years to be paid, sometimes after the death of the beneficiaries: “It’s unacceptable for families to wait three years to receive what is rightfully theirs.

Proposed solutions:

  • Tough penalties for negligent civil servants: Alipa proposes to introduce financial and professional penalties for those who fail to meet their obligations. “If you don’t do your job, you shouldn’t be paid.”
  • Digitalisation of public services: Adopting digital solutions to reduce bureaucracy and speed up administrative processes.

2. Lack of jobs and brain drain

Unemployment and the brain drain are another major challenge. “Young people are leaving Kolkata and other regions to look for opportunities in Bangalore, Pune or other countries, because there are no jobs here.” Alipa also regrets that many businesses are closing due to a lack of support from local governments.

Proposed solutions:

  • Tax incentives for companies: Encourage companies to set up in India by offering them tax benefits.
  • Vocational training programmes: training young people in the skills required by the job market.

3. Religious and social division

In India, religious tensions are particularly worrying. Alipa criticises the use of religion by political parties to divide citizens: “Parties use pandits or imams to manipulate minds. This has to stop.

Proposed solutions:

  • Interfaith dialogue: Creating forums where religious leaders can dialogue and promote unity. “We must show that all religions preach peace and harmony.
  • Strengthen secularism: Strictly apply the principles of secularism to prevent the influence of religion in politics.

4. Decline in cultural values

Alipa observes a loss of connection with cultural traditions in India. “People post on Facebook that they’re visiting a temple, but they’re not really practising spirituality any more.”

Proposed solutions:

  • Cultural education: Integrate the study of arts and traditions into schools to reconnect young people with their heritage.
  • Support local artists: Create grants for artists and craftspeople who perpetuate traditions.

5. Degradation of urban infrastructure

Infrastructure in India, particularly in large cities like Kolkata, is in decline. “Roads are poorly maintained, and basic services like water and electricity are inadequate.”

Proposed solutions:

  • Investment in infrastructure: modernising the road, electricity and sewerage networks. “If we want to attract businesses, we need to offer a modern and efficient living environment.
  • Sustainable urban planning: Planning cities to meet future needs, including green spaces and public transport.

 3. If Alipa became President of the World…

If Alipa were to become President of the World, she would give priority to the following measures:

  • Guaranteeing people’s mental and emotional security: Alipa believes that mental and emotional security is essential to enable individuals to fulfil their vocations: “My first objective would be to give people inner peace, to enable them to follow their heart in their profession.” She believes that many people are stressed by unrealistic expectations or oppressive systems that prevent them from fulfilling their potential. She would wellness programmes accessible to all, including meditation sessions, psychological support groups and community initiatives to reduce loneliness and anxiety.

  • Supporting innovative ideas and young people: Alipa wants to promote creativity and innovation, particularly among young people. She insists on the key role of the new generations in transforming the world: “The new ideas of young people must be supported and guided by the experiences of their elders”. She also criticises the attitude of some older people who look down on the contributions of younger people: “Their ideas are often rejected because older people think they know everything. This has to change. 

  • Repairing family and social relationships: Alipa makes a point of restoring healthy family and social relationships, which she sees as the basis of a harmonious society: “Parents must be friends to their children. That’s when problems start to get solved”. She adds that this closeness must be encouraged from childhood: “Parents must teach their children to respect others and to express themselves without fear”.

  • Reforming institutions and strengthening discipline: For Alipa, the lack of discipline within public institutions is one of the main causes of dysfunction. She gives the example of delays in judicial and administrative decisions: “If a judge knows that he is going to be transferred, he stops dealing with the cases in hand. This creates a chain of injustice. 

  • Promoting discipline and ethics: Alipa stresses the importance of ethics and discipline, not only at institutional level but also in everyday life: “Leaders must set an example. If leaders set an example, people will follow. She also cites the importance of discipline in bringing up children: “My child already knows that he has to put his things away. It starts at an early age”. Alipa would launch awareness campaigns to promote ethics and civic responsibility, and establish standards of excellence for leaders and citizens.

  • Simplifying access to justice: Finally, Alipa stresses the importance of making justice more accessible and faster for everyone. She deplores the unnecessary delays in courts and administrations: “Many people wait years to obtain what they are entitled to, which plunges them into darkness and despair”. She therefore proposes modernising the judicial systems by introducing digital solutions to speed up processes and provide better follow-up of cases.

4. Alipa’s dream world in 2050

In 2050, discrimination based on religion, social class or gender has been abolished. People everywhere live in mutual respect, nurtured by an education in tolerance that begins in early childhood. In schools, children learn not only to read and write, but also to appreciate cultural diversity and to resolve conflicts peacefully.

Political leaders have changed. Far removed from ego and power struggles, they are trained to embody models of integrity and humility. In their speeches, they talk about the future, innovation and social justice. Secularism is rigorously respected, and religious tensions have given way to constructive dialogue between the different communities. Temples, mosques, churches and gurdwaras coexist peacefully, becoming places of cultural encounter and spiritual sharing.

Citizens, inspired by the example set by politicians, are taking an active part in collective decision-making through transparent and collaborative digital platforms. In particular, they have contributed to solving the problem of climate change in practice, by campaigning for the preservation of ecosystems and the switch to renewable energies.

India, once hampered by corruption and inefficiency, has become a model of governance and innovation. Public services are fully digitised, reducing bureaucracy to its simplest form.

At 68, Alipa lives in a spacious house surrounded by extensive farmland in a peaceful area on the outskirts of Kolkata. Alipa grows organic vegetables and colourful flowers, following a sustainable farming practice that she shares with her son, now an accomplished adult.

Alipa lives with her husband, an IT engineer who has retired to devote himself to educational projects. Their son lives in a neighbouring house with his own family. Alipa is a loving grandmother and spends a lot of time with her grandchildren, passing on her knowledge of music, languages and culture.

Her home is a meeting place, regularly welcoming neighbours, friends and members of the community for convivial meals or discussions on social projects. She also continues to teach law and music to young people in her area on a voluntary basis.

Afnan, 29, graphic designer, Indian

Afnan was born and raised in Kolkata, India. Her life has been marked by several moves, including a year in Singapore at the age of 14 and seven years in the Maldives where her mother, a teacher, worked. A keen artist, Afnan works in digital illustration and watercolour, focusing on floral motifs. She studied content marketing and strategy, while working as a freelance graphic designer. Deeply rooted in her faith, she also engages in Islamic studies, which she describes as a personal journey towards a deeper understanding and authentic practice of her religion. Afnan aspires to share these teachings and encourage others to adopt a spiritually-centred lifestyle.
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Afnan, 29, graphic designer, Indian

Contents :

1. Global challenges and solutions 1. The loss of spirituality and its consequences 2. The global financial system based on banking interests 3. The erosion of family and social values 4. World conflicts and cultural divisions 2. India’s challenges and solutions 1. The crisis of economic inequality 2. Preserving family and cultural values 3. Religious and social tensions 4. The environmental crisis 5. Unequal access to education 6. Youth unemployment 7. Corruption and governance 3. If Afnan Zara Ahmed were President of the World… 4. Afnan’s dream world in 2050

Afnan was born and raised in Kolkata, India. Her life has been marked by several moves, including a year in Singapore at the age of 14 and seven years in the Maldives where her mother, a teacher, worked. A keen artist, Afnan works in digital illustration and watercolour, focusing on floral motifs. She studied content marketing and strategy, while working as a freelance graphic designer. Deeply rooted in her faith, she also engages in Islamic studies, which she describes as a personal journey towards a deeper understanding and authentic practice of her religion. Afnan aspires to share these teachings and encourage others to adopt a spiritually-centred lifestyle.

1. Global challenges and solutions

1. The loss of spirituality and its consequences

Afnan identifies the loss of connection with faith as one of the major challenges facing humanity. In her view, this disconnection leads to destructive behaviour, such as materialism and the relentless pursuit of financial gain at the expense of human values. She says: “Everything revolves around the next promotion, the next degree, material things. Even those who have everything, like billionaires, remain depressed. Why are they depressed? Because they don’t have the inner peace that only faith brings”. She also sees a direct link between this loss of faith and the increase in conflicts, inequalities and global corruption.

Proposed solutions

Afnan advocates a return to spiritual fundamentals and a focus on the values of peace and justice rooted in religious teachings. She suggests promoting spiritual education from an early age, integrated into global education systems, and a better understanding of religions to reduce divisions. “If only people would read the Koran with an open heart, they would understand that the solutions are there”.

2. The global financial system based on banking interests

Afnan is severely critical of the international banking system and its use of interest, which she describes as a factor in exacerbating economic inequalities. She also cites examples of speculation, particularly in agricultural products, which artificially creates crises in order to increase prices.

Proposed solutions

Afnan is campaigning for a global reform towards a financial system based on Islamic principles, in particular the prohibition of interest. It promotes economic models where “each loan is granted without interest, and unpaid debts are compensated by acts of kindness or community funds“. She also mentions the importance of zakat (compulsory charity) as a mechanism for redistributing wealth.

3. The erosion of family and social values

Afnan believes that family and social values are weakening as a result of growing individualism and the breakdown of moral standards. Incest, promiscuity and children born out of wedlock are growing problems, especially in Western societies,” she says. For her, these phenomena are the result of a lack of modesty and discipline in human interaction.

Proposed solutions

It recommends social policies focused on protecting and strengthening family structures. This includes awareness-raising campaigns on modesty and the implementation of clear social rules, such as “the separation of genders in public and private spaces, in order to preserve morality and healthy relationships.” She cites Islamic practices as a model for family and social organisation.

4. World conflicts and cultural divisions

Afnan deplores the cultural and religious divisions that fuel conflicts around the world. She says: “There is a fear between countries, a mistrust fuelled by misunderstood cultural and religious differences. She also observes that political leaders often accentuate these divisions in order to consolidate their power.

Proposed solutions

It advocates global initiatives to promote intercultural understanding, such as educational exchanges and interfaith dialogue. She also proposes political leadership based on ethical and religious principles, to unite rather than divide. “We must remember that we are one humanity, sharing the same dreams and challenges”, she insists.

2. India’s challenges and solutions

 1. The crisis of economic inequality

In India, Afnan identifies economic disparity as a major problem, highlighting the growing gap between rich and poor, particularly between rural and urban areas. “Large companies accumulate wealth, while small farmers and rural workers struggle to survive”, she observes. She also condemns the practices of speculative storage, where “wealthy companies artificially create crises by withholding crops, thereby raising prices for their own profits”.

Proposed solutions

Afnan advocates the suppression of speculative practices through strict regulations. It also calls for economic reform inspired by Islamic principles, where zakat (compulsory charity) could play a key role in redistributing wealth. It also proposes the development of local cooperatives that would give farmers better access to the market without intermediaries. Finally, investment in rural infrastructure, such as roads and agricultural technologies, would be essential to narrow the economic gap.

2. Preserving family and cultural values

Afnan believes that India – like the rest of the world – is facing an erosion of family values due to the growing influence of globalisation and individualism. She observes: “Indian traditions, once based on respect, modesty and family harmony, are being replaced by a more individualistic and materialistic culture. She also deplores the rise in divorce and generational conflict within families.

Proposed solutions

To restore these values, Afnan recommends raising awareness of the importance of traditions by integrating educational programmes focusing on morality and spirituality into schools. It also stresses the need to strengthen intergenerational links through community events and family support policies. “A strong society starts with strong families,” she explains.

3. Religious and social tensions

Afnan highlights the growing religious tensions in India, which she sees as a major brake on the country’s development. She deplores the fact that “religious divisions are being exploited by certain political leaders, creating unnecessary conflicts between communities”. She believes that these tensions fuel a climate of fear and insecurity.

Proposed solutions

Afnan advocates enhanced inter-faith dialogue to build bridges between different communities. She also proposes that schools teach the history of different religions with a respectful and balanced approach to promote mutual understanding. “We must focus on what unites us, not what divides us”, she insists. She also suggests greater vigilance on the part of political leaders to avoid using religious divisions for electoral purposes.

4. The environmental crisis

India is facing urgent environmental challenges such as air pollution, waste management and deforestation. Afnan says: “Big cities like Delhi are suffocating under pollution, and sacred rivers are now contaminated.” She believes that this ecological crisis is exacerbated by rapid industrialisation and a lack of awareness.

Proposed solutions

Afnan is calling for national campaigns to raise public awareness of the importance of the environment, emphasising the spiritual principles of nature conservation. It also recommends strict legislative measures to reduce industrial pollution and encourage the use of renewable energies. “We must respect nature as a divine gift and take care of it for future generations,” she says. Finally, she proposes large-scale reforestation projects, particularly in areas affected by deforestation.

5. Unequal access to education

For Afnan, education is the key to India’s future, but she notes that “many rural areas lack quality schools and modern teaching resources”. She also notes that girls, in particular, continue to face barriers to accessing education.

Proposed solutions

It proposes increased investment in educational infrastructure, particularly in rural areas. It stresses the importance of a holistic education system that integrates modern science with moral and spiritual teachings.  It also suggests specific programmes to encourage girls’ education, such as scholarships and incentives for families.

 6. Youth unemployment

Unemployment, particularly among young people, is a major challenge for India. Afnan notes: “Even those with qualifications often find themselves unemployed or underemployed due to a lack of practical skills or opportunities.” She deplores the fact that the current education system does not prepare young people sufficiently for the needs of the labour market.

Proposed solutions

Afnan recommends the creation of vocational training centres focusing on practical skills and entrepreneurship. It also proposes partnerships between companies and educational establishments to better align curricula with market needs. “Young people need to be trained to create their own opportunities rather than depending solely on existing jobs,” she says. She also advocates tax incentives for companies that take on young graduates or invest in their training.

7. Corruption and governance

Finally, Afnan identifies corruption as a major obstacle to India’s development. She says: “Resources that should be used for the welfare of citizens are often misappropriated by individuals in power.” She believes that corruption weakens citizens’ trust in their institutions.

Proposed solutions

It advocates governance based on ethical and religious principles, where leaders are held accountable for their actions. It also proposes greater transparency in government processes through digital tools and regular audits. “Justice and accountability must be at the heart of governance if we want a prosperous future,” she concludes.

3. If Afnan Zara Ahmed were President of the World

If Afnan Zara Ahmed were President of the World, she would implement a programme centred on religious and ethical principles to transform global systems:

  • Abolition of banks and the interest-based system
    Afnan believes that the current banking system exacerbates inequality and impoverishes people. She says: “I would start by destroying all the banks and the interest-based system. Instead, she would implement a financial system inspired by Islamic principles, where loans would be granted interest-free and the redistribution of wealth would be ensured by the zakat.

  • Application of Islamic law (Sharia) as a universal system of justice:
    Afnan would establish the Sharia as a global legal framework to ensure social justice. She explains: “The Sharia contains the answers to all the problems of corruption and injustice. During the caliphates, these problems were non-existent because divine laws were respected”. She cites strict punishments for crimes such as theft and adultery, not as punitive measures, but as deterrents. “These laws would create a society where no one would dare to steal or commit injustice,” she argues.

  • Unification of beliefs under a single faith:
    Afnan would aim to eradicate idolatry and promote monotheism. “I would smash all idols and ensure that people worship a single creator,” she declares. She insists on the need to teach “correct Aqida” (belief) to the populations, stressing that “the problem is not believing in God, but worshipping Him as He wishes.”

  • Eradicating corruption and promoting economic equity
    Afnan is committed to eliminating systemic corruption based on Islamic values. She says: “Sharia law prohibits practices such as speculation and market manipulation. This would protect the most vulnerable from economic abuse. She also proposes abolishing excessive taxes and replacing these systems with zakat, which would effectively redistribute wealth to the poor and fund public needs such as health and education.

  • Education and global awareness of spiritual values
    For Afnan, education is the key to transforming mindsets and solving global problems. “I would teach people the values of modesty, ethics and spirituality, because that’s where inner peace lies,” she explains. She wants every citizen to understand the meaning and impact of their actions on others and on the future of the planet.

4. Afnan’s dream world in 2050

In 2050, the great principles of Sharia law are on the way to becoming universal: the world, once marked by glaring inequalities, social tensions and ecological crises, has been transformed into a place where harmony and justice reign. Traditional banks have disappeared, replaced by a global financial system based on mutual aid and fairness. Loans are granted interest-free, and zakat plays a crucial role in the redistribution of wealth. The most vulnerable communities, once forgotten, are now at the centre of economic policies. Large corporations no longer speculate on agricultural products to create artificial crises, as strict global laws prohibit such practices.

Religious and cultural tensions have been eased thanks to educational initiatives promoting dialogue and mutual understanding. School curricula include lessons on different religions, highlighting their similarities rather than their differences. Family values, once undermined by individualism, are once again central to society.

At 55, Afnan lives in Medina, Saudi Arabia, just a few kilometres from the Prophet’s mosque. His house is spacious, designed to meet the needs of his family and accommodate the many students who come to attend his lectures on Islam

Afnan is now a respected teacher and international speaker. She travels regularly to share her knowledge of Islam and how it can guide people towards a fulfilled life. But she remains humble.

Her family is at the heart of her life. She is married to an Islamic scholar, with whom she shares a deeply spiritual and intellectual relationship. Together they have three children, whom they bring up according to Islamic principles. The children are educated in a setting that is both modern and rooted in tradition, with a balance between academic and spiritual learning

Family holidays are precious moments. Every year, they travel to Mecca to perform the ‘Umrahet and spend a few days in the great outdoors, in remote places where the beauty of God’s creation is untouched

Ishimwe, 22, IT student, Rwandan

Ishimwe is a student of information technology and business management in Kigali, Rwanda. Originally from the Western Province, more specifically the Karongi district, he spent his early years in this rural region before his family moved to Kigali to be closer to his father's work as a doctor. The family settled in the Kabuye district, known as the home of the region's sugar factory. With a keen interest in business and technology, he enthusiastically explains that he wants to "contribute to the digital transition and technological development of his country" and, if possible, the whole world. A keen sportsman, he is particularly fond of basketball and plans to become a coach in the future.
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Ishimwe, 22, IT student, Rwandan

Contents :

1. Global challenges and solutions 1. World peace and conflict reduction 2. Access to universal public healthcare 3. Freedom of expression 2. Rwanda’s challenges and solutions 1. Decentralisation and the development of rural areas 2. An inclusive, high-performance education system 3. Modernising healthcare 4. International cooperation for a more autonomous Rwanda 3. If Ishimwe were President of the World 4. Ishimwe’s dream world in 2050

Ishimwe is a student of information technology and business management in Kigali, Rwanda. Originally from the Western Province, more specifically the Karongi district, he spent his early years in this rural region before his family moved to Kigali to be closer to his father’s work as a doctor. The family settled in the Kabuye district, known as the home of the region’s sugar factory. With a keen interest in business and technology, he enthusiastically explains that he wants to “contribute to the digital transition and technological development of his country” and, if possible, the whole world. A keen sportsman, he is particularly fond of basketball and plans to become a coach in the future.

1.Global challenges and solutions

1. World peace and conflict reduction

Establishing peace and “reducing all types of conflict”, whether international or local, is Ishimwe’s top priority: “It is essential that people learn to live as one, and finally understand that we share the same blood”. Ishimwe points out that conflicts can be caused by socio-economic disparities or perceptions of injustice: “when some people think that they are destined to be rich and others only to work for them, this creates tensions

Proposed solutions:

  • Reinforcing education in tolerance: Ishimwe recommends the organisation of regular community meetings to discuss local problems, led by “experts in philosophy or mediation”. These discussions would help to educate people about their common humanity.
  • Encouraging global dialogue: He proposes that world leaders work to unite nations through “cultural and sporting exchanges”: “I think that sporting matches between countries could promote peace, because it creates human connections.
  • Establish neutral zones for dialogue: Ishimwe suggests creating spaces where parties in conflict can discuss without being influenced by their local contexts.

2. Access to universal public healthcare

Another fundamental global challenge is improving public health, especially in developing countries. Ishimwe links public health problems to the inability of a large part of humanity to meet its basic needs: he mentions the lack of access to drinking water in many regions, “which leads to many preventable diseases”, as well as diseases such as kwashiorkor, linked to malnutrition, which still affect many populations.

Solutions:

  • Promoting physical activity: Ishimwe recommends global initiatives to encourage sport as a means of prevention: “Walking a few kilometres every day is an exercise that could save lives.
  • Strengthen local health systems: He suggests that rich countries send doctors and equipment to the most vulnerable regions to provide free care, while training local health professionals.
  • Raising hygiene awareness: It stresses the importance of basic hygiene education campaigns, such as hand washing and drinking water.

3. Freedom of expression

Ishimwe believes that one of the world’s priorities must be to guarantee freedom of expression: “Everyone should be free to say what they think without fear of the consequences”. He notes that in many countries, citizens are afraid to criticise their leaders or take part in public debate.

Solutions:

  • Proximity between leaders and citizens: Ishimwe advocates that political leaders should organise regular face-to-face meetings with their citizens: “If leaders get closer to the people, citizens will feel freer to express themselves.
  • Encouraging transparency: He proposes that mechanisms for transparent dialogue between leaders and citizens be instituted, enabling everyone to express their ideas publicly without fear.

2. Rwanda’s challenges and solutions

1. Decentralisation and the development of rural areas

Ishimwe identifies a crucial need to develop rural infrastructure in Rwanda: “Many rural areas lack investment, and almost all development progress is concentrated in cities like Kigali.” He cites districts such as Bugesera and Rutsiro where the lack of roads, schools and businesses is holding back local growth.

Solutions:

  • Attracting investors to rural areas: Ishimwe proposes incentives for companies wishing to set up outside Kigali: “For example, we could encourage companies to produce banana-based beer in these regions, which would stimulate the whole local economy.
  • Improving infrastructure: It advocates projects to build roads, schools and health centres in underdeveloped districts.

2. An inclusive, high-performance education system

Education is another “pillar for the future of Rwanda”. Ishimwe deplores the fact that “many young people are forced to study abroad because the local education system is perceived as inadequate”. In fact, according to Ishimwe, schools in rural areas remain largely under-resourced.

Solutions:

  • Strengthening higher education: He suggests creating partnerships with foreign universities to train local teachers and improve the quality of courses.
  • Diversifying languages of instruction: Ishimwe proposes that students should be able to learn several languages in order to adapt to a globalised world.

3. Modernising healthcare

Although progress has been made, Ishimwe stresses that Rwanda still needs to improve access to healthcare: “Many people cannot afford regular check-ups. They only go to the doctor in an emergency. And that’s often already too late.

Solutions:

  • Encouraging prevention: Ishimwe recommends campaigns to promote regular check-ups.
  • Deploying mobile clinics: This would make it possible to reach rural areas with affordable and accessible care.

4. International cooperation for a more autonomous Rwanda

Ishimwe insists that Rwanda must strengthen its cooperation with developed countries while avoiding dependence: “International loans must be used for concrete projects, such as building schools or hospitals, and not to enrich an elite.

Solutions:

  • Overseeing foreign investment: Ishimwe proposes that independent committees monitor the use of international funds.
  • Encourage skills transfer: He suggests that foreign experts train Rwandan professionals to strengthen local capacities.


3. If Ishimwe were President of the World…

Ishimwe would implement as a priority the following measures:

  • Putting an end to conflict and establishing world peace: Ishimwe’s top priority, if he were World President, would be to “put an immediate end to all wars” and create an environment where conflict no longer exists. He emphasises the need to encourage dialogue between nations and to establish rules to oblige leaders to be in direct contact with their citizens: “every leader will have to visit his citizens every week to discuss with them in public meetings”.

  • Freeing the expression of citizens : Ishimwe wants to ensure that all citizens of the world can freely express their ideas and opinions without fear of reprisals. “Everyone must be free to say what they think, without fear of getting into trouble”, he insists.

  • A single currency for the world . Ishimwe proposes a single currency for the whole world. He believes that this would reduce economic tensions and encourage international cooperation: “I think that a global currency would make it possible to avoid many of the conflicts caused by economic differences between countries”, he explains. This currency would be regulated by a world economic organisation. It would also increase transparency in the use of international aid funds.

  • Encouraging sport as a vector for public health . Ishimwe firmly believes in the transformative power of sport: “Sport is not just a leisure activity, it is also a major lever for improving public health and solidarity between individuals”. Ishimwe would introduce compulsory global sports programmes in schools and sports competitions for all ages and cultures.

4. Ishimwe’s dream world in 2050

In 2050, the world is at peace. All wars have ceased, thanks to ongoing intercontinental dialogue and coordinated efforts to resolve conflicts at their source. Conflicts and dissensions of an economic nature have been contained, thanks in particular to the introduction of a single world currency, a powerful tool for reducing inequalities between countries, ensuring transparency in the use of funds and avoiding unnecessary competition between countries. International loans are rigorously supervised to ensure that they are used for beneficial projects, such as building schools, hospitals and infrastructure in the most remote areas.

If a new spirit of cohesion is sweeping the world, it is also thanks to the unprecedented development of sporting and cultural exchanges, which have enabled people to better understand each other and celebrate their differences

The unprecedented development of sport in recent decades has also led to an unprecedented improvement in public health, reinforced by global campaigns to raise awareness of ‘healthy habits’. In addition, mobile clinics and free healthcare programmes give the most vulnerable and isolated populations access to quality care.

In this transformed global context, Rwanda has become a model of development. Rural areas now benefit from the same infrastructure as Kigali, and professional opportunities are better distributed geographically across the country.

Ishimwe, 48, lives in a magnificent house on the shores of Lake Kivu, in the Karongi district. Built from sustainable materials, it is surrounded by lush greenery, and its large picture windows offer a breathtaking view of the lake. Ishimwe is married and has four children.

Professionally, Ishimwe has realised his dream of becoming a basketball coach. He runs a basketball academy that trains young local talent and promotes the values of teamwork and discipline. At weekends, he organises tournaments that attract players from all over the region. When he goes on holiday, Ishimwe likes to take his family to national parks to observe the flora and fauna.

Arcade, 22, IT specialist, Rwandan

Arcade lives in Kigali, Rwanda. Originally from the north of the country, he moved to the capital to study computer science after growing up in a rural environment. Passionate about new technologies, Arcade is devoting himself to his studies with the aim of becoming a web developer.
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Arcade, 22, IT specialist, Rwandan

Contents :

1. Global challenges and solutions 1. Peacekeeping and international conflict resolution 2. Technological progress and reducing digital inequalities 3. Protecting the environment and combating climate change 4. Food security and access to drinking water 2. Rwanda’s challenges and solutions 1. Combating unemployment and creating opportunities for young people 2. Improving education in rural areas 3. Development of rural infrastructures 4. Access to drinking water and water resource management 3. If Arcade were President of the World 4. Arcade’s dream world in 2050

Arcade lives in Kigali, Rwanda. Originally from the north of the country, he moved to the capital to study computer science after growing up in a rural environment. Passionate about new technologies, Arcade is devoting himself to his studies with the aim of becoming a web developer.

1. Global challenges and solutions

1. Peacekeeping and international conflict resolution

One of the main challenges identified by Arcade is the persistence of armed conflict between nations, which is holding back global development. According to Arcade, political instability and rivalries over natural resources fuel these tensions. In his view, without peace, progress in other areas such as education and the economy will be ineffective. On the other hand, “if countries work towards peace and work together, they will improve in all aspects”.

Proposed solutions

Arcade proposes holding regular summits between world leaders to discuss the causes of conflict and develop lasting solutions. It also recommends global educational campaigns to promote tolerance and intercultural understanding.

2. Technological progress and reducing digital inequalities

Arcade sees technological development as a major opportunity, but also as a challenge for reducing inequalities. It points out that access to this technology remains unequal between rich and poor countries, which limits the potential of young innovators in developing regions

Proposed solutions

Arcade proposes investing in accessible digital infrastructures, particularly in disadvantaged regions. It also recommends training to help young people make full use of the opportunities offered by technology. It also calls for partnerships between governments and technology companies to work together to democratise modern tools.

3. Protecting the environment and combating climate change

Preserving the environment is a key issue for Arcade, which is concerned about the continuing degradation of ecosystems. The destruction of forests, poaching and pollution threaten the survival of species and the balance of the planet.

Proposed solutions

Arcade recommends stepping up reforestation and wildlife conservation programmes.  It also suggests international cooperation to limit greenhouse gas emissions and encourage the adoption of renewable energies.

4. Food security and access to drinking water

Universal access to food and drinking water is another major concern for Arcade, which believes it should be humanity’s most urgent concern: “Everyone must have enough to eat, drink and have shelter. Without this, no sustainable development is possible.

Proposed solutions

To remedy this problem, Arcade proposes investing in sustainable farming methods and irrigation technologies to increase food production. It also stresses the need to set up water purification systems, particularly in crisis areas.

2. Rwanda’s challenges and solutions

1. Combating unemployment and creating opportunities for young people

Arcade identifies unemployment as a major problem for Rwanda, particularly for young people: “Most young people in Rwanda don’t have a job. This leads them to engage in destructive behaviour, such as drinking alcohol or taking drugs”. Unemployment exacerbates inequalities and hampers socio-economic development.

Proposed solutions

Arcade is proposing to create employment opportunities for young people through the development of local “job banks” and the encouragement of entrepreneurship. It is also calling for improved infrastructure to encourage economic exchanges.

2. Improving education in rural areas

For Arcade, the lack of access to quality education in rural areas remains a major challenge: “In rural areas, education is not always good. And we can see that teachers are not always ready to help pupils. This problem contributes to perpetuating inequalities between urban and rural areas, superimposed on pre-existing economic inequalities.

Proposed solutions

He proposes regular inspections of rural schools to ensure that teachers are well trained and that pupils are receiving an adequate education. “Rural schools need to be monitored every day to solve teachers’ problems and improve education,” he explains. He also recommends providing additional resources, such as books and equipment.

3. Development of rural infrastructures

The lack of basic infrastructure in rural areas limits economic and social development: “In rural areas, there are no roads, and when it rains, the few roads that exist are destroyed, and people can no longer trade. This situation also prevents people from accessing essential services (particularly healthcare facilities).

Proposed solutions

Arcade advocates massive investment in rural infrastructure, including roads, public transport systems and trading facilities. “If we develop these infrastructures, economic exchanges will increase and people’s lives will improve.

4. Access to drinking water and water resource management

Arcade also highlights the lack of access to drinking water in certain regions of Rwanda. “In some rural areas, people do not always have access to clean water. This affects their health and puts a heavy burden on their quality of life”. This problem is compounded by poor management of water resources.

Proposed solutions

It proposes building more water purification systems and improving water resource management. Arcade also suggests awareness-raising campaigns on the sustainable use of water.

3. If Arcade were President of the World…

If Arcade were President of the World, his first measures would be as follows:

  • Maintaining world peace: “The first thing I would do would be to maintain peace between all the states of the world, for the citizens”. For him, “peace is the indispensable condition for any form of global progress”. He proposes holding regular meetings between governments to resolve differences constructively, although he admits that this can be a complex task.
 
 
  • Guaranteeing access to food and housing for all: His second priority would be to guarantee universal access to certain essential goods and services: “everyone must have food, drink and shelter. That’s the minimum for a human being to be able to live with dignity”. He believes that these actions would also help to reduce inequalities and lay the foundations for a more harmonious society. In his view, international cooperation is essential to provide resources to the regions most affected by poverty: as President of the world, he would therefore appeal for solidarity from the richest countries.
 
 
  • Promoting sustainable development: Once peace and basic needs have been established, Arcade would put in place initiatives to ensure sustainable development. “Once people have peace, food and shelter, they can begin to develop and seek to do so as well as possible,” he explains. This includes using renewable energy, protecting forests and animals, and encouraging young talent to innovate in environmentally-friendly technologies.

4. Arcade’s dream world in 2050

In 2050, the world is characterised by a high level of international cooperation, guaranteeing peace, but also a better level of global development: inequalities have been reduced thanks in particular to the development of new technologies; growth is now taking place without destroying the environment, thanks in particular to renewable energies; and the basic needs of all human beings are assured. Governments meet regularly to resolve differences and establish partnerships. Borders, although still present, no longer separate people

Nature is regaining its strength everywhere: forests are flourishing thanks to reforestation policies on a global scale – allowing the resurgence of previously threatened animal species. This protection of nature has improved the water cycle and enabled the advent of productive and sustainable agricultural systems, even in the most arid or isolated regions – thanks in particular to the widespread use of irrigation techniques.

At the age of 48, Arcade lives in London with his wife and three children, in a house located in a quiet area but “close to the cultural and economic centres”. He now enjoys all the luxury and space he dreamed of as a young man: his house has a garden, many floors and a rooftop swimming pool, and incorporates all the latest ecological technologies – artificial intelligence to manage energy, solar panels, water-saving systems, etc. He drives a luxury electric car. He drives a luxury electric car.

He owes his fortune to his work: at the head of a company specialising in robotics and artificial intelligence, he creates tools to lighten people’s workloads and improve their quality of life. His contribution to the field is widely recognised, and his innovations have helped to solve complex problems in a variety of sectors.

Patience, 22, teacher, Rwandan

Patience, aged 24, is originally from Gasabo in Rwanda, where she was born and lived until the age of six. Her family then moved to Rwamagana (Eastern Province), where she still lives. She describes the town as "in full expansion, with many infrastructures under development, such as the renovation of a local market and the creation of a hospital". Patience is enthusiastic about the progress being made in her region, and anticipates a promising future for Rwamagana.
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Patience, 22, teacher, Rwandan

Contents :

1. Global challenges and solutions 1. Climate change 2.Food safety 3.Public transport and mobility 4.Global health 2.Rwanda’s challenges and solutions 1.Technology and education 2.Modernising agriculture 3.Transport and accessibility 4.Renewable energy 3.If Patience were President of the World 4. Patience’s dream world in 2050

Patience, aged 24, is originally from Gasabo in Rwanda, where she was born and lived until the age of six. Her family then moved to Rwamagana (Eastern Province), where she still lives. She describes the town as “in full expansion, with many infrastructures under development, such as the renovation of a local market and the creation of a hospital”. Patience is enthusiastic about the progress being made in her region, and anticipates a promising future for Rwamagana. In a few months’ time, she will be starting a career as an English language instructor.

1) Global challenges and solutions

1. Climate change

For Patience, climate change is the most pressing challenge: the “seasons are no longer predictable”, which “seriously affects agriculture and people’s livelihoods”: “this year, it’s supposed to be the rainy season, but it’s much too hot and people are wondering: will it rain or not? You have to understand that, in my village, their survival depends on the rain coming. She also points out that climate change is causing a drop in agricultural yields and an increase in food prices.

Proposed solutions:Patience advocates a worldwide adoption of renewable energies, in particular solar and wind power, as well as electric vehicles: “Everything is linked: if we use electric vehicles, there will be fewer gas emissions, and this will help agriculture to regain equilibrium thanks to a more stable climate“. She also proposes the introduction of modern farming practices such as irrigation and the use of technologies such as tractors to improve farming efficiency. “It’s all about increasing yields, of course, but it’s also about knowing how to adapt to a changing climate.

2. Food safety

According to Patience, the issue of food security is closely linked to climate change, but also depends on educating farmers. For Patience, we need to move beyond traditional farming practices and their limited yields and adopt scientific practices: “Too many people in the world still practise traditional agriculture, but they can no longer meet today’s needs. These practices need to move with the times.

Proposed solutions:She highlights the Rwandan cooperative model, where small farmers join forces to share resources and experiences: “Small farmers come together to form a large farm, share their ideas, risks and successes, and this improves their results. She believes that this model could be exported to other developing countries to improve agricultural productivity.

3. Public transport and mobility

Access to transport is another global challenge, particularly in developing countries. Patience gives the example of Kigali, where the networks are congested: “the queues for public buses are very long and you never know what time you’re going to arrive, even though the government introduced new buses last year“. She notes that this problem is also present in Kenya and other African countries – and “certainly elsewhere in the world”.

Proposed solutions:To solve this problem, Patience suggests investing massively in public transport, in particular by increasing the number of vehicles available: “I believe that governments today should concentrate on public transport rather than private vehicles“. She also suggests measures to optimise the use of public transport in major cities, in particular by adapting timetables and routes.

4. Global health

Patience is enthusiastic about the Rwandan health insurance system, which she considers to be effective and affordable, and believes that it could set an example for the very many countries in the world – particularly in Africa – that have no social security system. In particular, she condemns the high infant and maternal mortality rates that persist in many developing countries.

Proposed solutions:It proposes generalising access to affordable, high-quality healthcare systems, as in Rwanda. It also stresses the importance of integrating more technologies into the health sector.

2) Rwanda’s challenges and solutions

1. Technology and education

Patience believes that the development of new technologies is key to Rwanda’s development, particularly in the field of education: “We are already making progress, but we need to go further in integrating technologies into schools, such as developing the use of laptops for children.

Proposed solutions:It proposes providing digital tools, such as computers and tablets, in schools in rural areas to speed up learning. It also suggests initiatives to make new technologies more affordable, such as subsidies for low-income families.

2. Modernising agriculture

According to Patience, agriculture, the mainstay of the Rwandan economy, is still struggling to modernise and remains too dependent on traditional methods, limiting its potential: “too many farmers don’t know how to adopt modern farming practices, such as irrigation or the use of tractors“.

Proposed solutions:It advocates the development of supervised agriculture, where farmers receive regular training and technical support to adopt modern methods. It also encourages the use of technologies such as drip irrigation to optimise water resources.

3. Transport and accessibility

Although Kigali has made progress in terms of transport, the lack of space and the regularity of services remain a challenge, according to Patience: “the long queues for buses show that there is still a problem, despite all the government’s efforts“.

Proposed solutions:It suggests extending public transport networks to meet growing demand, in particular by introducing additional lines in rural and suburban areas. It also proposes investing in electric transport systems to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.

4. Renewable energy

Patience notes that renewable energies are developing in Rwanda, particularly in rural areas, with solar systems “increasingly used throughout the country”. However, “deployment remains insufficient in relation to needs and challenges”.

Proposed solutions:It encourages wider adoption of renewable energies through tax incentives for households and businesses. It also proposes strengthening the infrastructure to distribute these energies efficiently.

3. If Patience were President of the World…

If Patience were President of the World, she would implement the following measures as a matter of priority:

  • Supporting people living in modest conditions: Patience would give priority to people living an “average life” to enable them to rise economically and socially: “I wouldn’t be very interested in those who have already succeeded in life, because they don’t have any problems“.  She suggests that the priority should be to “provide resources and opportunities to people who have ideas but lack the means to realise them
 
  • Promoting access to education for all: One of her priorities would be to ensure that all children have access to education, particularly those from modest families: “I would immediately think of a way for these children to go to school, because some stay at home because they can’t afford it. “Patience also advocates an education based on children’s passions: “I want to allow children to do what they love. For example, if a child dreams of becoming a pilot, I would make sure that they have the opportunity to pursue that path.“
 
  • Raising awareness of climate change and promoting renewable energy: Patience would start with a global awareness campaign on the harmful effects of fossil fuels: “I would immediately work to raise awareness of how these fuels we use affect us.” Patience also wants to encourage the adoption of clean technologies, such as electric vehicles and renewable energy, while making these solutions accessible to modest households.

  • Encouraging the use of modern technology: this would integrate technology into all areas of work, particularly agriculture, education and transport, to improve efficiency and reduce drudgery.

4. Patience’s dream world in 2050

In 2050, the challenges of the beginning of the century – climate change, food security, access to transport and education, and social inequalities – are on the way to being resolved thanks to global cooperation and major technological advances. It’s a world of balance, where innovation and respect for nature coexist harmoniously. 

The unpredictability of the climate has been contained, thanks to the switch from fossil fuels to massive investment in renewable energies. Solar and wind farms cover landscapes around the world, supplying towns and villages with clean energy. Electric vehicles have become the norm, almost completely eliminating greenhouse gas emissions from transport. Crops are now plentiful thanks to modernised farming practices, and food insecurity is a distant memory.

In this new world, public transport is fluid and ubiquitous. The endless queues for buses in Kigali, Nairobi and other major cities are a thing of the past. Fast, efficient electric bus networks link urban and rural areas, making travel accessible to all and contributing to balanced regional development.

Access to education is on the way to becoming universal, and associated with abundant use of new technologies.

At the age of 50, Patience lives a serene and fulfilled life in Gasabo, in the Province of Kigali. She lives in a house in a quiet part of the town where she was born. Her house is small, but equipped with state-of-the-art technology. Each room is modular: thanks to an advanced control system, Patience can transform her living room into a cinema or a high-tech office with a simple gesture. The robots in her house take care of everything from cleaning to cooking.

In the morning, she wakes up to the sound of birds and natural light filtered through intelligent windows. After a breakfast prepared by her robotic assistant, she has a coffee in her garden, surrounded by local plants and flowers. Her kitchen garden is full of fresh vegetables, grown using urban agriculture techniques that she has mastered perfectly.

Patience is now a recognised specialist in education and teaching technologies. She runs an educational innovation centre in Kigali, where she trains teachers and designs tools to make learning accessible to all.

Patience is married with three children. When she goes on holiday, she prefers destinations close to nature. One of her favourite places is Lake Kivu, in Rwanda, where she finds serenity in contemplating the waters and the green hills.

 

Ruth, 22, civil engineering, Rwandan

Ruth currently lives in Kigali, Rwanda, but spends much of her time in Musanze for her university studies: she is pursuing a degree in civil engineering. She has a passion for geotechnical engineering and a keen interest in infrastructure innovation. Ruth deeply appreciates the tranquillity and natural beauty of the mountains around Musanze, an environment she describes as "soothing and inspiring"
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Ruth, 22, civil engineering, Rwandan

Contents :

1. Global challenges and solutions 1. Climate change 2. Loss of biodiversity 3. Education and equal opportunities 4. The energy transition 2. Rwanda’s challenges and solutions 1. Agriculture and food security 2. Public health 3. Education and employment for young people 4. Urban development 3. If Ruth were President of the World 4. Ruth’s dream world in 2050

Ruth currently lives in Kigali, Rwanda, but spends much of her time in Musanze for her university studies: she is pursuing a degree in civil engineering. She has a passion for geotechnical engineering and a keen interest in infrastructure innovation. Ruth deeply appreciates the tranquillity and natural beauty of the mountains around Musanze, an environment she describes as “soothing and inspiring”

1. Global challenges and solutions

1. Climate change

Climate change is seen as a major global challenge. Ruth points out that modern infrastructure, such as roads and buildings, leads to massive deforestation. “When we build structures, we cut down trees, and that affects the environment”, she observes. In addition, she points to greenhouse gas emissions caused by overpopulation and polluting industries: “with the world’s growing population, there is more and more pollution and fewer and fewer natural resources”. The impacts of these changes are already visible, with unpredictable seasons and agricultural losses.

Proposed solutions:

Ruth suggests replanting trees on a massive scale and making people aware of the consequences of their actions. “If people really understood the impact of cutting down a tree, they would act differently,” she says. She also suggests grouping industries together in specific areas to limit their environmental impact and better manage their waste and pollution: “At the moment, industries are spread all over the place, which makes it difficult to manage and control their waste and pollution”.

2. Loss of biodiversity

The loss of biodiversity is directly linked to “unsustainable development” and population growth. Ruth fears that some species will disappear completely due to the destruction of their natural habitats: “by clearing areas of nature to extend our residential areas, we are destroying ecosystems and compromising ecological balances”.

Proposed solutions:

To protect biodiversity, Ruth proposes the creation of nature reserves and greater public awareness: “Governments must inform citizens of the importance of protecting natural habitats”. She also stresses the need for strict anti-poaching management.

3. Education and equal opportunities

Ruth identifies significant inequalities in access to quality education, particularly in Africa. She deplores a lack of motivation among teachers and an inequitable distribution of opportunities. The bottom line is that “many young people study, but don’t know what to do with their education”.

Proposed solutions:

She stresses the importance of letting students follow their passions and improving the quality of teaching: “Telling young people to do what they love will stimulate their creativity”. She also calls for greater investment in education to level the playing field.

4. The energy transition

Today’s infrastructure relies too heavily on fossil fuels, contributing to air pollution and global warming. “We need to reduce transport fuels and invest in clean technologies such as electric cars,” says Ruth. This challenge is crucial if we are to meet the growing demand for mobility and energy while limiting the environmental impact.

Proposed solutions:

Ruth proposes massive investment in renewable energies and electric vehicles. “Electric cars are a viable solution for reducing emissions,” she explains. She also stresses the importance of innovation in creating more sustainable and environmentally-friendly infrastructures.

2. Rwanda’s challenges and solutions

1. Agriculture and food security

Rwanda, a predominantly agricultural country, is particularly vulnerable to the impacts of climate change. Ruth points out that the irregular seasons are having a serious impact on harvests. “Farmers no longer know when to plant, which leads to considerable economic and food losses”, explains Ruth. Excessive rainfall and prolonged drought also disrupt agricultural cycles.

Proposed solutions:

For Ruth, it is crucial to train farmers in modern, climate-resilient farming practices. “Teaching farmers appropriate techniques could reduce losses”, she suggests. She also calls for investment in irrigation and the introduction of crops that are resistant to changing climatic conditions.

2. Public health

Climate change is leading to an increase in water- and mosquito-borne diseases such as malaria. Ruth notes that “flooding encourages the proliferation of mosquitoes and diseases”, exacerbating public health challenges.

Proposed solutions:

Ruth suggests stepping up prevention campaigns and setting up infrastructures to manage natural disasters. “Health centres in rural areas could help to control epidemics”, she says. She also advocates universal access to affordable healthcare.

3. Education and employment for young people

In Rwanda, Ruth notes that access to education is largely universal, but quality remains a problem. “Many young people get a degree but can’t find a job”, she laments. This situation is fuelling a dangerous sense of frustration among young people.

Proposed solutions:

It proposes partnerships between educational institutions and companies to align training with market needs. “Internships and specific training can improve young people’s employability”, she explains. She also encourages innovation and entrepreneurship among young Rwandans – “supporting local start-ups that can create new sustainable jobs”.

4. Urban development

With rapid urbanisation, Rwandan cities are facing challenges in terms of housing, transport and infrastructure. Ruth points out that “Kigali is becoming overcrowded, and this is leading to problems of pollution and waste management”.

Proposed solutions:

She proposes developing sustainable urban development plans that include green spaces and efficient public transport systems. “Cities must be designed to be ecological and functional”, she asserts, “we must no longer allow urbanisation to take place without planning”. She also insists on recycling and waste management to maintain a healthy environment.

3. If Ruth were President of the World…

If Ruth were to become President of the World, here are the first measures she would adopt:

  • Breaking down divisions between nations: Ruth’s priority would be to tackle the divisions between peoples and anything that might prevent the advent of universal brotherhood: “I want everyone to understand that we are all human beings and that we must live in harmony“. By abolishing symbolic borders and promoting global cooperation, Ruth would work to reduce tensions and promote solidarity. She insists: “Unnecessary competition must be eliminated, because when people see each other as a whole, they help each other instead of fighting.

  • Promoting education to better reveal talent: Ruth would seek to offer young people the means to fully reveal their talents and to support them in their passions: “there are so many children in Africa with incredible abilities that are not being developed, it’s a huge waste”. She would propose universal educational programmes tailored to the talents and passions of each pupil: “I’m convinced that if we let children follow what really interests them, we’ll see incredible progress in their respective fields”.

  • Guaranteeing basic needs for all: Ruth would ensure that everyone has access to basic needs such as food, water and shelter. She sees these as prerequisites for people to be able to focus on their own development: “Once you have food, clean water and a roof over your head, you can build a future. These are three elements that would be so simple to guarantee for the whole of humanity, given the global level of wealth“. It also calls for measures to ensure a fair distribution of natural resources, stating that “resource-rich regions must share so that everyone can benefit”.

  • Encouraging sustainable technological innovation: Ruth would focus on developing technological innovations to tackle environmental challenges. “Investing in electric cars and green infrastructure is essential to reduce emissions and protect the environment,” she says.

  • Raising environmental awareness: Finally, Ruth would run global campaigns to inform citizens about the impact of their actions on the planet. “Once people understand the consequences of their behaviour, they can adopt more responsible practices,” she explains. This awareness-raising would include local initiatives to plant trees and protect biodiversity.

 

3. Ruth’s dream world in 2050

In 2050, humanity has overcome its greatest challenges thanks to a collective awakening. Tropical forests, once threatened by deforestation, have regained ground. Cities, once grey and stifling, are now green and vibrant, with an abundance of parks. Electric cars ply tree-lined roads, and modern public transport networks enable everyone to travel quickly and efficiently.

Industries are clustered in designated areas to better control waste and pollution, and centralise clean energy production centres and recycling infrastructures. Education has played a central role in these transformations: by enabling young people to follow paths that match their passions and talents, the world is experiencing an unprecedented surge in initiative, creativity and innovation – particularly in the fields of science, medicine and “green technologies”.

At 48, Ruth is married with two children. She lives in a simple but elegant house, nestling in the heart of an unspoilt natural landscape near Kigali. Her home, surrounded by gardens, is equipped with eco-friendly technologies: solar panels power the entire household, and a rainwater harvesting system ensures that daily needs are met without wastage. Inside, every room is designed for comfort and simplicity. A large library occupies a central place.

Professionally, Ruth is a renowned civil engineer. She leads large-scale projects that are transforming urban landscapes in Rwanda and other African countries. Her speciality: integrating ecological solutions into infrastructure.

At weekends, she and her family like to visit Rwanda’s national parks, now sanctuaries for a flourishing biodiversity. Ruth also dreams of travelling as a family. She wants to visit Europe, particularly the Scandinavian countries

Francine, 26, hospitality industry, Rwandan

Francine was born and lives in Kigali, Rwanda, in the Kabeza district, around twenty minutes from the city centre. A single woman with no children, she is passionate about hospitality and tourism, a sector in which she works in various management and reception roles. She particularly enjoys her job because of the daily interaction it gives her: "I love meeting new people and learning about different cultures every day
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Francine, 26, hospitality industry, Rwandan

Contents :

1. Global challenges and solutions 1. Climate change 2. Economic inequality 3. Cybersecurity and technology 4. Food safety 2. Rwanda’s challenges and solutions 1. Adapting to climate change 2. Regional inequalities 3. If Francine were President of the World 4. Francine’s dream world in 2050

Francine was born and lives in Kigali, Rwanda, in the Kabeza district, around twenty minutes from the city centre. A single woman with no children, she is passionate about hospitality and tourism, a sector in which she works in various management and reception roles. She particularly enjoys her job because of the daily interaction it gives her: “I love meeting new people and learning about different cultures every day

1. Global challenges and solutions

1. Climate change

Francine identifies climate change as the number one challenge. She points out that “industrialisation is one of the main causes, as is overpopulation, because our impact on the climate is directly linked to the level of human activity, which increases with demographics”. The consequences include meteorological disturbances, excessive rainfall leading to the erosion of fertile soils and a reduction in food production: “Compared to my childhood, the weather has changed enormously. The seasons are no longer stable, and that affects farming.

Proposed solutionsFrancine proposes “encouraging the use of environmentally friendly materials and reducing the use of plastic“. She also advocates “massive investment in renewable energy to reduce carbon emissions” and educating people about the effects of overpopulation, in order to raise collective awareness. She stresses that “each individual must think about the impact of his or her actions on the world, because protecting the environment is becoming a personal responsibility”.

2. Economic inequality

Francine sees income inequality as a major problem worldwide: “One of the main causes is unemployment in many countries, but also the exacerbated competition caused by overpopulation, which is widening the gap between rich and poor. She also mentions the challenges posed by the technological transition: “Many people, especially older people, find it difficult to adapt quickly to new technologies, which leaves them behind.”

Proposed solutionsFrancine recommends increasing access to education and training people in the skills needed to succeed in a digital economy.

3. Cybersecurity and technology

The rapid rise of artificial intelligence and technology poses significant risks to cyber security, according to Francine. “Today, AI is advancing faster than our ability to understand it, leading to job losses and leaks of personal information. This can damage the reputations and careers of many people.” She also highlights the risk of insufficient control over emerging technologies, which could cause more problems than they solve.

Proposed solutionsFrancine stresses the importance of “educating people to better understand and use technology“. She also proposes investing in cybersecurity research and regulating technological development to protect individuals and their data. In her view, “humans must remain in control of the technologies they use”.

4. Food safety

Francine is concerned about the future availability of food resources, particularly in Africa. “Overpopulation and global warming are causing food shortages, and in some regions, agricultural technology is still inadequate. She also points out that “heavy rainfall can lead to soil erosion, making it more difficult to grow crops.”

Proposed solutionsFrancine proposes developing advanced agricultural technologies to increase productivity and efficiency. She imagines a future where “community gardens provide healthy food to every household in a sustainable way”. She also talks about the role of research in discovering new crop varieties that are resistant to changing climatic conditions.

2. Rwanda’s challenges and solutions

1. Adapting to climate change

Francine notes that Rwanda is not exempt from the effects of climate change, with increased weather variations. The consequences are having a direct impact on agriculture, a key sector of the Rwandan economy.

Proposed solutionsFrancine advocates local actions such as “reforestation and the promotion of environmentally-friendly farming practices“. She is also focusing on educating rural communities to strengthen their resilience in the face of climate challenges.

2. Regional inequalities

Despite the government’s efforts, Francine notes that inequalities between Kigali and other regions remain: “The city of Kigali is much more developed than rural areas, where poverty remains a problem.” She attributes this disparity to the effects of Rwanda’s recent history , in particular the 1994 genocide, which had a lasting impact on vulnerable communities. “Some poverty-stricken areas are still struggling to recover, even though the country is working hard to move forward.”

Proposed solutionsFrancine suggests increasing investment in education and infrastructure in rural areas. “The government should continue to invest in projects that stimulate the local economy and reduce disparities with Kigali. She also calls for training programmes to encourage local people to create their own economic opportunities.

3. If Francine were President of the World…

If Francine were President of the World, her first actions would be as follows:

  • Climate action: “This would be at the top of my list of priorities, because it’s an issue that causes a lot of other problems”. She would implement measures to reduce carbon emissions by investing massively in renewable energies such as solar and wind power. “I would provide solutions to limit air pollution and encourage industries to use clean technologies.” She would also launch campaigns to encourage people to adopt eco-responsible behaviour in their daily lives. Francine would also launch a major reforestation plan to combat global warming.
 
  • Investment in and dissemination of modern agricultural technologies: “Vulnerable countries must be equipped with agricultural technologies that will enable them to overcome the effects of climate change and increase food production”.
 
  • Encourage local communities and the establishment of community gardens that would enable food self-sufficiency while strengthening solidarity: “This would ensure that no one lacks food and that communities are self-sufficient.
 
  • Strengthening education and skills: Francine believes that education is the key to reducing economic disparities: “I would make sure that every child has access to free, quality education. It’s the only way to equip people to create their own opportunities.
 
  • Regulating emerging technologies: Francine believes that artificial intelligence and digital tools must be controlled so as not to harm humanity: “I would work on laws to ensure that technology is used responsibly”. She would also work to protect people’s personal data from misuse and cyber-attacks: “I would ensure that systems are sufficiently secure to prevent personal information being used for harmful purposes.”
 Francine sums up her programme: “By taking care of the environment, feeding people and reducing inequalities, we can build a world where everyone has the means to live in dignity and make a positive contribution to society.

4. Francine’s dream world in 2050

By 2050, the challenges facing the world at the turn of the century have largely been overcome thanks to a combination of innovation, international collaboration and individual commitment.

The streets of Kigali, like those of the world’s major cities, are lined with trees and flower gardens. Pollution, once omnipresent, has disappeared. The vehicles on the road are silent, powered by clean energy. Cities have adapted to integrate nature at the heart of urban planning.

Thanks to global initiatives, climate change is now under control. Industry has been largely decarbonised, and plastic has all but disappeared. Solar panels flicker everywhere.

Economic inequalities, once a source of tension and frustration, have been reduced. Education is free for all, and every individual has access to training that encourages entrepreneurship and innovation. Community gardens have multiplied, strengthening food self-sufficiency and recreating authentic human links.

Technology, once a threat, has become a tool at the service of humanity. Advanced cybersecurity systems protect personal data, while artificial intelligence makes everyday life easier. The human being remains at the centre of all decisions.

Francine is now 52 years old. She still lives in Rwanda, in a picturesque village near Lake Kivu in the west of the country. Her house is built from local materials such as clay and wood, and is surrounded by a huge garden with fruit trees, vegetables and flowers.

Francine is married and has two children, now teenagers. She is the owner of an eco-lodge in a mountainous region near Lake Kivu. The hotel aims to be “a place where visitors can reconnect with nature”. The rooms are built with respect for the environment, and visitors can take part in activities such as hiking, gardening and permaculture workshops.

Francine’s day begins with a morning stroll around her garden. Then it’s off to her hotel, often on foot or by electric bike – where she supervises operations. Her evenings are devoted to her family or community activities. She is also active in local educational projects, helping young people to develop the skills to build their own futures.

On holiday, Francine loves exploring other parts of Africa. She loves visiting nature reserves and meeting communities that share her values.

 

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